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| 目的：探索农村居民年度医疗费用特点及在不同特征人群中的分布。方法：用Excel函数处理麻城市2014年新农合门诊和住院数据库，整理出个人年度医疗服务利用信息。采用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数描述农村居民医疗费用的聚集性，并用描述性统计方法分析农村居民费用特点及分布情况，卡方检验比较费用在人群中分布的差异。结果：在总人群中占比前5%的高医疗费用人群耗用了68%医疗总费用，高费用人群人均年总费用为16628元，低费用人群为108元；农村居民医疗费用的基尼系数为0.81；女性和45岁以上人群的高费用比例大于5%；乡镇卫生院服务能力较弱地区、平原地区及靠近省道地区的居民中高医疗费用人群比例较高，分别为6.4%，5.5%，5.8%。结论：农村居民医疗费用具有明显聚集性；不同费用等级人群间费用差别较大；老年人口、女性、基层薄弱地区居民更容易产生高医疗费用。 |
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| What Is the Characteristic of Annual Medical Expenditure for Rural Residents? |
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: Objective: To figure out the characteristics of annual medical expenditure for rural residents and its distribution among different population. Methods: After dealing with database of the 2014 new rural cooperative medical system, we got information about health care utilization of rural residents in Macheng county. Then we prescribe the clustering of medical expenditure using Lorenz curve and Gini index. At last, descriptive statistics and χ2 test were used to compare the characteristics and distribution of the annual medical expenditure among rural residents. Results: The costliest 5% patients account for approximately 68% of total health care spending. And the annual total expenditure is 16628 yuan per capita among high-cost population, while 108 yuan among low-cost population. The Gini index of medical expenditure for rural residents is 0.81. Among female and population over 45 years old, the proportion of high-cost population is higher than 5%. People living near provincial road, in flatlands or areas where the ability of township hospital is limited are more likely to expense higher medical costs. Conclusion: Clustering of medical expenditure for rural residents is remarkable, and the expenditure among high-cost, medium-cost and low-cost population is quite different. The elderly, female and people living in areas where the ability of township hospitals is limited are more likely to generate high medical costs. |
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